حملة الامبرطور عيزانا كانت ضد النوباويين و الكوشيين وليست ضد الكرميين .. بقلم: طارق عنتر

قام الامبراطور عيزانا (حكم من 320 م – الي 356 م) ملك ملوك اكسوم (100 م – 940 م) بالقضاء علي مملكة مروي تماما عام 350 ق م. و سرعة سقوط مملكة مروي بضربة واحدة فقط في حد ذاته يوضح انها كانت نظام حكم مقيت و مرفوض من الشعب

لا اجد اي مبرر للبس في تفسير نقش عيزانا في حملته ضد مروي. فالامر واضح جدا ان الامبرطور عيزانا هاجم النوبا السود (النوباويين) و النوبا الحمر )الكوشيين السبئيين). فالنوبا الحمر (و ليست النوبة الحمر) هم من استولوا علي شمال كردفان و طردوا منها النوبا السود (النوباويين) و لذا من الواضح ان النوبا الحمر هم السبئيين و مماليكهم الكوشيين.
كما ان من ما يعرف ب (النوبة النيلين) لم يكونوا معروفين باسم نوبة و اسم النوبة ظهر بعد ذلك بواسطة الرومان. و انما اسم الشامل القديم للشعب و الحضارة التي تعرف حاليا بالنوبة كان الكرميين التي كانت تنقسم الي ممالك واوات و ارتجت و ستجو. و يلاحظ عدم ذكر هذه الاسماء في نقش الامبراطور عيزانا ذلك لان واوات و ارتجت كانا خارج نطاق حملته بينما استهدفت حملته ستجو فقط و التي كانت قد ازيلت و حل محلها كوش.
و كان من اهداف حملة الامبراطور عيزانا حماية شعوب شرق السودان و كذك حماية الكرميين و الذي لم يذكرهم لانهم كنوا خارج نطاق حملته اي اسفل الشلال الرابع جنوب جبل بركل
و هذا ما جاء بنقش الامبراطور عيزانا مسجلا حملته العسكرية التي اسقطت مملكة مروي مترجما للانجليزية:
The Noba and Kasu Campaign.
By the might of the Lord of Heaven who in the sky and on earth holds power over all beings, Ezana, son of Ella Amida, Bisi Halen, king of Aksum, Himyar, Raydan, Saba, Salhin, Tsiyamo, Beja and of Kasu, king of kings, son of Ella Amida, never defeated by the enemy.
May the might of the Lord of Heaven, who has made me king, who reigns for all eternity, invincible, cause that no enemy can resist me, that no enemy may follow me!
By the might of the Lord of All I campaigned against the Noba when the Noba peoples revolted and boasted. `They will not dare to cross the Takaze’ said the Noba people.
When they had oppressed the Mangurto, Hasa and Barya peoples, and when the blacks fought the red people and they broke their word for the second and third times and put their neighbours to death without mercy, and pillaged our messengers and the envoys whom I sent to them to admonish them, and they plundered them of what they had including their lances; when finally, having sent new messengers to whom they did not wish to listen but replied by refusals, scorn, and evil acts; then I took the field.
I set forth by the might of the Lord of the Land and I fought at the Takaze and the ford Kemalke. Here I put them to flight, and, not resting, I followed those who fled for twenty-three days during which I killed some everywhere they halted.
I made prisoners of others and took booty from them. At the same time those of my people who were in the field brought back captives and booty. At the same time I burnt their villages, both those with walls of stone and those of straw.
My people took their cereals, bronze, iron and copper and overthrew the idols in their dwellings, as well as their corn and cotton, and threw them themselves into the river Seda (Blue Nile). Many lost their lives in the river, no-one knows the number. At the same time my people pierced and sank their boats which carried a crowd of men and women.
And I captured two notables who had come as spies, mounted on camels, by name Yesaka and Butala, and the chief Angabene. The following nobles were put to death: Danoko, Dagale, Anako, Haware. The soldiers had wounded Karkara, their priest, and took from him a necklace of silver and a golden box. Thus five nobles and a priest fell.
I arrived at the Kasu, fought them and took them prisoner at the confluence of the rivers Seda and Takaze. And the day after my arrival I sent into the field the columns Mahaza, Hara, Damawa? Falha? and Sera? along the Seda going up to their cities with walls of stone and of straw; their cities with walls of stone are Alwa and Daro.
And my troops killed and took prisoners and threw them into the water and they returned home safe and sound after terrifying their enemies and vanquishing them thanks to the power of the Lord of the Land.
Next, I sent the columns of Halen, Laken? Sabarat, Falha and Sera along the Seda, going down towards the four towns of straw of the Noba and the town of Negus. The towns of the Kasu with walls of stone which the Noba had taken were Tabito(?), Fertoti; and the troops penetrated to the territory of the Red Noba and my peoples returned safe after taking prisoners and booty, and killing by the might of the Lord of Heaven.
And I erected a throne at the confluence of the rivers Seda and Takaze opposite the town with walls of stone which rises on this peninsula.
And behold what the Lord of Heaven has given me; prisoners, 214 men, 415 women, total 629; killed, 602 men, 156 women and children, total 758, and adding the prisoners and killed 1,387. The booty came to 10,560 head of cattle and 51,050 sheep.
And I set up a throne here in Shado by the might of the Lord of Heaven who has helped me and given me supremacy. May the Lord of Heaven reinforce my reign. And, as he has now defeated my enemies for me, may he continue to do so wherever I go. As he has now conquered for me, and has submitted my enemies to me, I wish to reign in justice and equity, without doing any injustice to my peoples. And I put this throne which I have raised under the protection of the Lord of Heaven, who has made me king, and that of the Earth (Meder) which bears it. And if anyone is found to root it up, deface it or displace it, let him and his race be rooted up and extirpated. They shall be cast out of the country. And I have raised this throne by the power of the Lord of Heaven.
(Source: Christian Inscription of Ezana. Greek. (Anfray, Caquot and Nautin 1970; Judge 1976).) https://wp.me/p1TBMj-jb
Best regards
Tarig M. M. K. Anter, Mr.
Khartoum, Sudan.

tariganter1@gmail.com
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